A US stock exchange has evidence in at least one episode to deny this hypothesis, but financial institutions might still consider this possibility as intuitive and likely, thus bulking up the costs of genuine investment activity via layers of hedging or insurance. In India, RBI's 'Financial Stability Report' of Dec 2023 opined that collateral-free lending from RBI's regulated entities - banks and NBFCs - was being used to obtain leverage on stock market movements through derivatives. The RBI is not the stock market regulator in India, but the issue is serious enough to warrant attention from a system stability perspective. This report even identified a co-relation between active periods in the derivatives market and phases of heightened uncollateralised lending.