Earlier, they were not compelled to generate surpluses for their further expansion programs. They were supposed to work for social welfare and industrialization. Profit-making was not their main motive. But due to the liberalization and privatization policy, the situation has changed. Now, they have to justify their existence through positive results. They have to earn surpluses like private concerns for their survival. Later on, the CPSEs performed poorly, started incurring losses, and became deep swamps of inefficiency. They had become a fiscal burden for the country. They were taken to be the ‘white-elephants’. This paved the way for disinvestment/privatization.